Abstract
In groups, as a conclusion to the seed germination experiments, they will investigate the effect of a chemical (they choose) on the germination of seeds and will create a dose-response curve to interpret their observations and evaluate their hypothesis.
Objectives
Students will be able to:
- Define a “toxic substance.”
- Define the “science of toxicology.”
- Explain the dose-response principle.
- Explain toxicological principles that govern the safety of a substance.
- Analyze toxicological risks versus benefits of a substance based on their understanding of toxicological principles.
- Draw conclusions and evaluate hypotheses
National Science Education Standard
Content Standard A – Science as Inquiry
- Identify questions and concepts that guide scientific investigations
- Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence
- Communicate and defend a scientific argument
Content Standard F- Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
Personal and community health
Arizona Science Education Standards:
Concept 1: Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses
- PO 2. Develop questions from observations that transition into testable hypotheses.
- PO 3. Formulate a testable hypothesis.
Concept 2: Scientific Testing (Investigating and Modeling)
- PO 1. Demonstrate safe and ethical procedures (e.g., use and care of technology, materials, organisms) and behavior in all science inquiry.
- PO 5. Record observations, notes, sketches, questions, and ideas using tools such as journals, charts, graphs, and computers.
Concept 3: Analysis, Conclusions, and Refinements
- PO 2. Evaluate whether investigational data support or do not support the proposed hypothesis.
Concept 4: Communication
- PO 2. Produce graphs that communicate data. (See MHS-S2C1-02)
- PO 3. Communicate results clearly and logically.
- PO 4. Support conclusions with logical scientific arguments.
Teacher Background
See Basic Toxicology under the Environmental Health Resources section of PULSE.
http://pulse.pharmacy.arizona.edu/resources/toxicology/teachers.htm
See also the background section for the ‘The Science Behind Our Food” unit http://apps.caes.uga.edu/sbof/main/lessonPlan/IntroToToxicology.pdf
Dose Response Relationships http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/chemicals/guide/lesson3-1.htm
Related and Resource Websites
Dose-Response Relationships In Toxicology http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/TIB/dose-response.html, an in-depth overview of dose-response
Green Facts Glossary http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/dose-response-relationship-dose-response.htm, an overview of dose-response for certain chemicals and links to other toxicology terms
Health and the Environment: Food, Farming, & Pesticides http://www.nrdc.org/health/pesticides/default.asp
Develop a hypothesis http://www.k12science.org/curriculum/dipproj2/en/lesson1.shtml
Writing a hypothesis: a student lesson http://www.accessexcellence.org/LC/TL/filson/writhypo.html
Case Study: Polio http://www.the-aps.org/pa/animals/polio.html
Questions People Ask About Animals in Research http://www.the-aps.org/pa/animals/index.htm
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